O_P_E_R_A_T_O_R_'_S_ _M_A_N_U_A_L_ K_E_N_T_U_C_K_Y_ _M_O_D_I_F_I_E_D_ _P_E_R_K_I_N_S_ _B_R_A_I_L_L_E_W_R_I_T_E_R_ By Fred L. Gissoni Technical Services Unit Kentucky Department for the Blind Charles McDowell Executive Director IMPORTANT NOTICE This manual sets forth operating information about the Perkins Braillewriter as modified by the Technical Services Unit, Kentucky Department for the Blind. Commands and Functions described in this manual are supported by Software Version No. 1.39. This software has a release date of December 11, 1984. Should it become necessary to make changes in software or this manual, these changes will be attached to this manual. This manual contains no table of contents. We will offer it on computer disk to those who wish to generate Braille and/or print copies. Therefore, format differences could lead to inaccuracies in page numbering. The alphabetic arrangement of the manual should minimize the inconvenience resulting from the lack of a table of contents. PRINTER MODE Software version 1.39 provides users of the Kentucky Modified Perkins Brailler with quick means of enabling e device to be driven as a printer by an external source. To take advantage of this feature, hold down the space bar when the power is turned on. When you release the space bar you will hear a "beep". This means that HANHSHAKING and BUFFER SCROLL have been implemented and the Brailler is ready to receive from an external source. I_N_T_R_O_D_U_C_T_I_O_N_ The Kentucky Modified Perkins Braillewriter, (KMPB), is a Perkins Brailler which has been modified to expand its capability. Using the KMPB you can write Braille on paper just as with any other Braillewriter. You can also connect it to a personal computer or to a remote computer and send and receive information to and from that external system. You can write Braille, not only on paper but in an electronic storage tank called a BUFFER. You can record the contents of that buffer onto an ordinary audio cassette tape. Later you can play that tape back into the KMPB and produce braille on paper from the tape recording. Using the KMPB graphics mode, you can produce raised line drawings, maps, charts and graphs. Using its edit mode you can compose text, change composition, print your work out in ink or in Braille, send it out to a speech synthesizer before printing, proofread it and make corrections which will let you produce a final perfect copy. This is just some of what you can do with the KMPB. In the pages to follow, we will tell you just how to go about doing it. There are times when we may use computer related terms. When we use such a term for the first time, we will explain it insofar as it applies to the KMPB. It is understandable that you may be impatient to have the KMPB do everything you want immediately. The KMPB is a versatile system. To get the most out of it and out of other systems to which it can be connected, we need to proceed patiently and systematically through these instructions. Meet the KMPB In most cases when we talk about controls and the location of features on the machine, we will assume that you are sitting at a desk with the KMPB in front of you in the normal operating position. As you examine it, you will note that it feels like a Perkins Braillewriter set on top of a metal box. If you place the flat of your right hand against the right end of the Brailler as it rests on its box, you will feel a chain. This chain is connected to a motor inside the box. This motor causes the paper to move one or more lines at a time as you command. The metal box on which the KMPB is mounted contains its power supply, a number of computer chips and a small microprocessor. This microprocessor is a tiny computer which serves as the "brain" of the system. It keeps track of the commands to which the KMPB will respond and sends messages to you in the form of tones to tell you that those commands have been carried out or that you have made a mistake and sent an "illegal" or incorrect command. When you set the KMPB on a desk or table, please be sure there is nothing that will cover the small holes drilled in the bottom plate of the machine. It is most important that the fan located in the box under the Braillewriter is able to circulate air in and out of that box. If you set the KMPB on a cushion or other soft surface, the Brailler will overheat and become damaged. Controls and Features Just as any other Perkins Braillewriter, the KMPB has six keys for entering Braille dots and a space bar. The backspace lever and the line advance lever were removed. Their functions will be taken care of by special commands which you will come to learn. Now, let's examine the back panel of the KMPB box to find some of its controls VOLUME CONTROL: Our examination begins at the left end of the back panel of the box. The first control we encounter is a knob. This is a volume control. It regulates the volume of sound from a small speaker inside the KMPB. This speaker is useful when we send to the KMPB Braille information which has been recorded on audio tape. JACKS, OUTPUT AND INPUT: Next come two jacks. They are R.C.A. phono jacks. The first one, the jack nearest the volume control and the outer end of the panel is the OUTPUT jack. (Outer jack, output; inner jack, input.) If you have material stored in the KMPB buffer and want to save it on an audio tape, the tape output jack is an EXIT PORT or escape path for the information leaving the KMPB headed for the recorder. Next, to its right, is the INPUT jack. It is the Entry Port for information coming to the KMPB from an audio tape recorder. RS232 PORT: To the right of the input jack is a rectangular jack with 25 holes. If you doubt me, count them! This is the RS232 Port. This port is the transmit/receive port for information passing between the KMPB and an external device such as a personal computer, printer, speech synthesizer, modem (a device for telephone communication), etc. POWER CORD: To the right of the RS232 port you will feel a heavy cable. This is the power cord which connects the KMPB to your source of electrical house current. POWER, ON/OFF SWITCH: To the right of the power cord is a rocker switch. This is the power on/off switch. When you rock it in an upward direction the power is turned on. Pressing the lower edge of the rocker switch will turn the power off. FUSE CAP: Directly above the rocker switch is what feels like a knob. It is the cap of a fuse holder used to contain the cartridge fuse placed in the KMPB to protect it from power surges. Manual Format Before we set about the exciting task of learning to use the KMPB a word about this manual, some of its symbols and some of the other things it contains. There is a listing of the functions, parameters (operating limits) and modes available with the KMPB and the commands used to select or set them. This listing is alphabetic by function. If you want to know how to set the Baud rate, look in the table under BAUD and you will find the information. If you want to know about writing lowercase or uppercase characters, look under those headings and you will find what you need. To make life easier for yourself, become familiar with this table and its primary entries. Some commands can be entered only from a single mode. You can set BAUD rate only in the COMMAND mode. Other commands are settable from several modes. You can turn the Braille embosser on and off both in Edit and Remote modes. Beside the overall alphabetic listing of commands, the table contains the command itself and, when necessary, the word Comment. Comment tells something about the command and its use in various modes. The alphabetic commands table has each command, comments associated with it and paragraphs within the comment section indented five spaces from the left margin. So, quickly scanning the left margin should let you find the heading you want. Then, there is another listing of commands grouped into the modes which recognize them. You tell the KMPB what you want it to do by sending it commands from the keyboard. These are sets of key strokes which are interpreted by the KMPB and obeyed. In writing these commands, frequently we will use the * symbol. This * symbol means that the letter or other Braille dot pattern immediately to its left is written as a "chord". A chord is the regular keyboard entry to produce the dot pattern plus the space bar. A c-chord is Braille dots 1-4 along with the space bar pressed and released at the same time. A q-chord is dots 1-2-3-4-5 plus the space bar pressed and released at the same time. Some commands contain numbers. The Braille text of this manual is written in literary Braille. When you issue such commands, you must issue them in COMPUTER Braille. To enter a number, DO NOT use the Braille number sign (dots 3-4-5-6). DO write your numbers in the lower portion of the Braille cell using only dots 2, 3, 5 and 6. To set the bell warning location to character position 33, the command is w-chord 33 q-chord. In literary Braille it is written w*33q*. In computer Braille, it is written w*(dots 2-5, 2-5)q*. At the end of the manual text, there is an appendix which contains information which will be useful for those who plan to use the KMPB in conjunction with external devices. It contains codes and symbols which will be needed in formulating commands. The First Time Start Up When we speak of the first time start up, we are talking about a start up from a power off condition. This is what you need to do: 1. With power turned OFF, insert paper into KMPB as you would any Perkins Braillewriter. We have placed a crank knob at the left end of the platen for your convenience in rolling the paper into the machine quickly. 2. With paper inserted, and the paper release lever pushed forward, turn the power on. You will hear a two tone "bing-bong" signal. Bing is the higher tone while bong is the lower. This is the COMMAND MODE READY PROMPT. It means that the KMPB is in the command mode ready to receive instructions. 3. Set parameters. The parameters you set will depend upon what you want to do. There are default (power on) values for all operating limits or parameters. If you are getting ready to communicate with another device such as a computer, you will have to pay attention to things like Handshake, Baud rate, Character length, Stop bits, Parity, etc. If all you want to do is write some Braille on paper, and if you are using a regular 11 by 11-1/2 inch sheet of Braille paper, all you need do is set Duplex half, Remote Mode and start writing. Whatever you enter on the Brailler keyboard will be written on the sheet of paper you inserted in the machine. It will NOT be kept in the KMPB buffer. When you reach the end of a line and want to do a carriage return, simply enter the appropriate carriage return command chord. If you fill your sheet of paper, you will hear two long beep tones. This is the END of PAGE signal. When this happens, use the crank knob on the left end of the platen to roll the paper forward. Pull the paper clamp lever back and remove the page. To continue writing, insert another sheet of paper, clamp it in, roll it in and do a Page Ready command and continue writing. If you want to write only a few lines on a sheet and remove the paper, just finish writing and do a Page Release command. While you might prefer that we tell you what these commands are here, we would rather give you the experience of looking them up in the table. If, instead of writing on paper and having the material not stored in buffer, you want to write some text which you will edit, then, do this: Insert your paper as before. Enter Command Mode by turning the power on. Any parameters you set will be lost once the power is turned off. If you want to see what you are writing in Braille as you write it, leave the Emboss On in place; that is a default parameter. If, instead, you would rather simply write without the noise of a Braillewriter, set the Bell Warning location to the appropriate character position for the size paper you are using. Do an Edit Mode, Go To command followed by Emboss Off followed by the Input command and write. When the Bell Warning sounds, (it's really a beep), do a carriage return. keep doing this until you have finished. Finish everything with a Carriage Return and a q*. Then, move the cursor to the top of the buffer, turn Emboss On and issue an appropriate Print command. As you proofread your work, if you find you have made a mistake and you want to fix it, this is what to do. In the Edit mode, go to the Find function and use it to find the mistake. Use the Delete function to remove the mistake and the Input function to insert your correction. Once you have perfect text, you may save it onto tape by returning to Command Mode and using Tape Save sequence. On the other hand, if you are connected to an external computer, you may want to send your perfect text to that system. In such a case, you would go from Edit to Command and do a Transmit command. This is a very sketchy summary of how you might proceed. More complete information about parameters, commands and their use will be found in the table that follows. K_M_P_B_ _C_O_M_M_A_N_D_ _L_I_S_T_ I_N_ _A_L_P_H_A_B_E_T_I_C_ _O_R_D_E_R_ _B_Y_ _M_E_A_N_I_N_G_ ABORT: Dots 3-6* COMMENT: See COMMAND MODE, RETURN TO. BACKSPACE: Dot 2* COMMENT: When in Remote Mode, using this command causes a backspace character to be transmitted. In the Input Function and Find String Function of Edit Mode, the use of this command causes the cursor, the "stylus" which writes characters into the KMPB buffer, to space back one character position. Actual movement of the KMPB carriage takes place when: 1. KMPB is in Remote Mode, Duplex Half, Emboss on. 2. KMPB is in Edit Mode, Input or Find String Function, Duplex Half, Emboss on. BACKSPACE, ASSIGNABLE: Dot 2*xq*; where x is the decimal, base ten, value of any ASCII character. COMMENT: This command is unique. It is the only one whose meaning can be changed to any one of 128 ASCII characters. The word ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. This is the code used by most computers in communicating with each other over telephone lines, radio circuits, etc., and for communication between computers and terminals. Some systems require that a given ASCII character be sent in order to perform activities or in response to certain commands. It can be useful to have a command which will let you send the precise character required by your host computer and to be able to assign this command value at Command Mode. The Appendix contains the 128 element ASCII character set. It is presented in alphabetic order by meaning. Following the name of the character is a number, and it is this base ten number which is used in assigning the dot 2* meaning of the character in question. For example, there is a character called the ESCAPE character. In the appendix, if you find ESCAPE you will see that it is followed by the number 27. To assign the dot 2* the identity of the ESCAPE character, you make the assignment in Command Mode by entering dot 2*27q*. q* terminates the command because an ASCII character can be a 1, 2 or 3 digit number. The q* tells the KMPB that, at least for the time being, it has received all the numbers it is going to get. If you have done everything correctly, when you enter the q* you will hear the COMMAND MODE READY PROMPT mentioned earlier. BAUD RATE, set as follows: 110 baud, b*1 300 baud, b*2 1,200 baud, b*3 2,400 baud, b*4 4,800 baud, b*5 9,600 baud, b*6. COMMENT: Baud rate is the first of several parameters which relate to communication between the KMPB and other devices. If all you are going to do is write Braille on paper or in the KMPB buffer or record Braille on tape, then, you need not worry about the communications parameters. On the other hand, if you want to communicate with your own or somebody else's computer, a printer, a terminal, a speech synthesizer or any other external device using the RS232 port, you need to be concerned about baud rate. Baud has to do with the rate of transmission. Every character in the ASCII code when it is sent to or from the KMPB is made up of several "bits". These are electrical voltages which are either positive or negative. The number of these bits sent within a given period of time is the rate of transmission. This is measured in terms of BAUD. Roughly, ten baud equal one character. To put it another way, if you are sending information to a printer at a rate of 1,200 baud and the printer is keeping up with you, the printer will be printing at about 120 characters per second. 110 baud equals about 11 characters per second. Really, you don't need to worry about any of this. All you need to know is that the baud rate of the KMPB should match the baud rate of the external system to which it is connected. If you have a system you use most of the time, the default baud rate can be set by means of "dip switches" inside the KMPB. For those occasions when you need to change baud rate to work with another system, the commands just given will let you do it from the keyboard. BELL WARNING LOCATION set: w*xq* where x is any number from 1 to 254. COMMENT: The default value of this parameter is 35. What this means is that if you are in the Edit Mode, Input Function, once you start to write, you will hear the bell warning beep when you have reached the 35th character position on a line. This means that you have seven spaces in which to write in order to fill out a full carriage, 42 cell, Braille line. Most of the time you will want to do a carriage return at or before the final character position on the line. If you were to ignore the bell and keep writing, what happens next depends on whether the Braille embosser is on or off. If the embosser is on, when you reach the end of the Braille line, the KMPB simply will do a carriage return automatically and continue writing, even if it means breaking a word in the middle. If the embosser is off, nothing will seem to happen. You will be able to keep right on going until you reach character 254. From that point, every time you press a key the KMPB will give you a low pitched long tone which is the error tone, the same one you get when you enter an inappropriate command. A carriage return, the Abort Command or turning the power off will set you free. If you turn the power off you will loose everything you have written and stored in the buffer. If the paper on which you are writing is narrower than a full 42 character line, you will want to set the right margin at the appropriate stop. You also will want to reset the bell warning location. The bell warning location means that you have only a few cells in which you may write before you must go to the next Braille line. On the other hand, if you are preparing text in Computer Braille which will be used to drive an ink printer, you probably will want a line length much greater than 42. For an 80 space line, set the bell warning location to 73; for a 72 space line you should set the bell warning location to 65. BREAK: k* COMMENT: This command is one you may never have to use. It is sent when the KMPB is in Remote Mode. Some computer systems make use of the Break signal to alert them to perform assigned functions. Sending this command causes the transmit line to change state momentarily, causing the external device to perform its assigned function, usually the suspension of transmission. BUFFER AUTOSCROLL, NO: s*n BUFFER AUTOSCROLL, YES: s*y COMMENT: The default value is no. This means that when the KMPB is turned on, the buffer will NOT scroll. The buffer is a storage tank for information. It can hold up to 3,840 characters before it reaches its limit. When the contents of the buffer have been printed out and if the buffer is full, you will hear four short beeps. This is the Buffer Full signal and it is time to take action. You can clear the buffer or record buffer contents on tape and then clear the buffer. If you are receiving lots of information you may want to print it as you go along without having to bother with this empty and clear process. This is where Autoscroll comes in. It is a function which is set in Command Mode. When it is operating, if the KMPB is printing, when the buffer is full the printing will stop for a second, you will hear a single short beep and printing will resume. This is because the buffer has scrolled up allowing room for 256 additional characters each time it scrolls. When Autoscroll is used, data "comes in the front door and goes out the back". BUFFER CLEAR: n* dots 1-2-3-4-5-6* COMMENT: The KMPB has a main buffer which will hold up to 3,840 characters. It has another buffer called a Line Buffer which we will talk about later. When information is received from an external device by the KMPB in Remote Mode, the incoming material is sent to and stored in the KMPB buffer. When you are in the Edit Mode, Input Function, the material that you write on the KMPB keyboard also goes into the main buffer. Once you have entered, proofread and corrected what is in the buffer you can print it, record it on audio tape or transmit it through the RS232 port to an external device. Having done what you intend, you must clear the buffer in order to make room for new material. This is the function of the command just given. Note that this is a command which uses two consecutive chords. This is done to avoid clearing the buffer accidentally when intending to send a q*. This command is the only one, except the Page Ready command which the KMPB will obey while Page Release is in effect. CARRIAGE RETURN: Dots 4-6* COMMENT: When you use an electric typewriter, pressing the carriage return key causes the carriage to move so that you are in position to begin the next line of writing. With the KMPB, if you are in Remote Mode, Duplex Half, Emboss on, or in Edit Mode, Input Function, Emboss on, or Find Function, Emboss on, physical movement of the carriage also will occur. In Remote mode characters sent are transmitted but are not retained in buffer. In Edit Mode, Input Function, characters which are entered are kept in the buffer. The Carriage Return also terminates the Find Function of Edit Mode. In the Input Function, the current line on which you are writing is stored in the Line Buffer. This buffer holds 253 characters. When you enter a Carriage Return, you transfer the contents of the line buffer to the main buffer. If you are preparing text to be printed out on an ink printer, the carriage return command will send a signal which will cause the printer carriage to return to its left margin. CHARACTER CTRL, EMBOSS NO: c*n CHARACTER CTRL, EMBOSS YES: c*y COMMENT: In the default condition, the way the KMPB comes up when you turn the power on, the KMPB is in the NO function. If you want to enable this capability you must do the YES entry. On the other hand, having done c*y, if you want to disable it for some reason and do not want to turn the machine off, you must enter the c*n command from the keyboard in Command Mode. If this function is enabled and if there is only one space on the line being printed when a control character would appear, the KMPB leaves the space blank, goes to the next line and prints the control character indicator and the character itself in two consecutive cells. Control (ctrl) characters are nonprinting characters. They do all kinds of things that people who communicate with external computers might like to have done--tabbing, turning things on and off, ringing the remote bell, causing carriage returns, backspaces, etc. If you are into computer programming, it is useful to see the control characters that come to you from the host computer. When c*y is used, any control character received by the KMPB when it is in Remote Mode will be embossed. Control characters will be identified by the fact that they are preceeded by Braille dot 4. You will find a complete list of all ASCII characters including the 32 CTRL characters in the appendix. CHARACTER CTRL FOLLOWS: dot 4* COMMENT: If you have spent any time around a computer chances are you know that there is a key called a Control Key, labeled CTRL. Holding this key down and pressing certain other keys will cause the computer to produce what is called Control Characters which we have been discussing. To produce a control character with the KMPB, you must use the dot 4* which means "the character which follows is to be recognized as a control character." If the things that you do with the KMPB do not require knowledge or use of control characters, don't worry about it. There is the information should you ever need it. CHARACTER LENGTH 7: dots 3-4-5-6*c7 CHARACTER LENGTH 8: dots 3-4-5-6*c8 COMMENT: The default character length is determined by the internal dip switches. It can be either 7 or 8. Should you need to change it, you can do it with the above commands. In our discussion of baud rate, we talked about the ASCII code being a series of electrical voltage shifts; either 7 or 8 are used to comprise a character though a total of 10 or 11 are actually sent. For our purposes, all that needs concern us is that our character length and other communications parameters match those of the external device with which we want to communicate. COMMAND MODE, GO TO: Dots 3-6* COMMENT: This also is the ABORT command. In fact, it performs many functions. It also can be thought of as an EXIT CURRENT MODE or FUNCTION command. In the Edit Mode, Find Function, when you use this command you will abort the string you are trying to find and will be returned to Edit mode. The cursor will be where you left it before issuing the Find command. In the EDIT MODE, input function, it deletes, or aborts, the current line buffer and wipes out everything back to the last carriage return. It still leaves you in Edit Mode, Input Function. Using the q* as a terminator of Input Function, hitting the dots 3-6* again will take you out of Edit Mode and return you to Command Mode. It also will free you from Handshake "lock-ups" which we will discuss later. In most cases, we use it simply to leave an existing mode or function to return to command in order to change a parameter or go to another mode. However, it also will abort the Tape processes, Printing, and the Transmit activity. The Command Mode is the hub or central point through which we almost always have to pass in going from one mode to another. You cannot go from Edit to Remote or from Remote to Transmit without first going to Command Mode. WARNING! Due to design constraints caused by severely limited memory capacity, error checking is minimal. What this means is that if you give a command and receive what you believe to be an appropriate signal the possibility exists that the command was NOT properly entered. If you have any doubt about the slip of a finger and still received a good prompt, better issue the command again. CURSOR MOVE: See MOVE DELETE FUNCTION: dxq* where x is any number from 1 to 254. COMMENT: The delete function only operates within Edit Mode. It allows you to delete lines of text from the KMPB buffer. The way the command is used is first to locate the portion of text you want to delete either by applying the Find Function or the Move Function; then, delete. The number represented by x in the command sequence stands for the number of lines to be deleted. The KMPB editor system is a line editor. It is possible to delete a line of text but NOT just a word or character. A line is a block of text which ends with a carriage return/linefeed pair. When writing into the buffer in the Input Function of Edit Mode, the dots 4-6* produces this pair and serves as a line terminator. Here are some examples of ways you might use this command. Go to Edit Mode, Input Function and write a few short lines of text. Write the names of the months January through December but write each month on a separate line, ending the name of the month with the 4-6*. After you have written this 4-6* for December, terminate Input Mode with a q*. Now, move the cursor to the top of buffer. Suppose we want to delete August. We can either do a find string command and enter the name August as the string to be found, or we can move the cursor down an appropriate number of lines. Using the Find String command, we tell the KMPB editor to find August. If we receive the double beep prompt indicating that the command has been obeyed and we have returned to EDIT mode, the cursor will be at the start of the line containing the name August. We simply issue the command dq*, because the default is 1. If no number is given, only one line will be deleted. However, if we move the cursor to the top of the buffer and want to delete April, May and June, we can move the cursor down three lines. The first line, the one at the top of the buffer is line 1, and April is the fourth month. So, it will be the fourth line. The difference between 1 and 4 is 3 so we move down 3 lines using the Move Cursor Down function. Since each month is on a separate line and since we want to delete three months, (lines), we issue the command d3q*. To confirm that we did the job correctly, we can move to the top of the buffer and in the Print function, print out our entire list or send it out to a speech synthesizer and learn that it should contain only eight months, April, May, June and August having been deleted. DUPLEX FULL: d*f DUPLEX HALF: d*h COMMENT: To understand the workings of Duplex, it would be better if it had been named Echo, Reflect, Mirror or something of the sort. Full duplex means that if you are connected to an external computer, everything that you send to that system in Remote Mode will be echoed back to you just as the system received it. On the other hand, if you are in half duplex, what is printed out by the KMPB is what you sent, not necessarily what the other system "saw", or received. The way to write Braille on paper with the KMPB is to be in Remote Mode, Duplex Half, Emboss on. In this condition, there is no record in buffer of what you have written. The only Braille that exists will be on the sheet of paper which is in the KMPB at the time you write. This is not something that should cause you serious concern, you just need to know that duplex is a communications parameter. Whether you use full or half duplex will depend on your needs as well as the system with which you are communicating. EDIT MODE, GO TO: e* COMMENT: The Edit Mode is a mode which contains five inner functions. Delete is one of them and we already have discussed it. Find String is another we have mentioned and about which we will have more to say shortly. The other three are Input, Move Cursor, and Print. The Edit Mode is the mode in which we write text into the KMPB buffer, print it out for proofing and make the necessary changes in text as discovered by proofing. When text is entered into the KMPB buffer in the Edit mode, the system expects that every line of text will end with a carriage return/linefeed pair. There is a more complete discussion of this important point in the section on Remote Mode. If we think of the KMPB operating system as a house, Command Mode could be a main hall with corridors leading from it to all others. Edit Mode is a wing of the house with five inner rooms within the wing. You cannot perform the Delete function without being in Edit Mode. You can be in Edit Mode without deleting anything. IMPORTANT! If you leave Edit Mode with the cursor at a given point, when you return you will find it right where you left it. Two exceptions to this rule are if you should clear the buffer or if the buffer has been scrolled. EMBOSS OFF: dot 5* EMBOSS ON: dot 1* COMMENT: The default value is Emboss On. If you want to turn it off you have to use the Emboss Off command. This can be done both in Edit and Remote modes. If you are in direct interaction with another computer, sending and receiving messages to each other, you will want Emboss On. If you are writing text into the buffer, Edit mode, Input function, or receiving a stream of information from another computer, you may rather have the embosser off. Even though you have Emboss Off, should the external device send you a Control G character (a signal to "ring your bell") the signal will be audible. The Page Release command cannot be used if you have Emboss Off. Neither will there be any physical carriage movement such as linefeed or carriage return. If you turn Emboss Off while the KMPB is printing text, the line currently being printed will be finished before your command is obeyed. Experimentation and the needs of your system will dictate your use of these emboss commands. FIND (string) FUNCTION: f(string)4-6* COMMENT: This function is one of the five functions of Edit mode. It is useful in locating a section of text for purposes of editing or, if you are using a voice output device, as a means of finding the starting place for an entry to be read aloud. To picture its operation, suppose you have written almost an entire buffer full of text. You print it out and discover an error. Instead of writing KMPB, you wrote KMBP. To correct the error, you could count the lines of Braille from the first line of text to the point of the error, move the cursor down by that number and issue a delete command. An easier way is to move the cursor to the top of the buffer, write: fKMBP4-6*. The error was KMBP and that's what you want to find. There should be a slight pause and then you should hear a double beep. This means that the cursor is at the start of the line in which KMBP is located. For confirmation you can do a Print command which we will discuss later and print out the single offending line. With enough confidence, you won't even bother to do this. Hearing the double beep after completing the command sequence, you will want to do a dq* to delete the line. Then, to correct the error, you will need to go to the Input function at the very same location, the cursor will still be there, and write the entire line correctly. The Find function is case dependent. This means that if the error had been that you wrote one of the letters in KMPB in lowercase instead of uppercase, then, in order to find it you would have to search for it written in exactly the same way. Also, it only searches in the direction from the current cursor location DOWNWARD! With experience, you may wonder why the find string command is terminated with the dots 4-6* rather than q*. The q* will work, but it should not be used. If you are in Edit mode, emboss on, half duplex, the Find string characters that you send out will be Brailled on paper as you indicate the string to be searched. If you do a dots 4-6* you will receive a carriage return/linefeed. Doing a q* will terminate the string search, but the carriage will not move. So, if you want to print out the line to see that it was found, printing will occur on top of the string for which you are searching. You will, in short, produce a mess. So, from the start, always terminate Find function with the dots 4-6* please. GRAPHICS MODE ENABLE, NO: g*n GRAPHICS MODE ENABLE, YES: g*y COMMENT: Braille consists of characters written in a six dot pattern which is two dots wide and three dots high. Each "cell" is separated from its neighbor by a small amount of space. For this reason, it is possible to identify the ends of characters and lines. In the graphics mode, the spaces which separate cells both vertically and horizontally are removed through control of the motors which affect embosser and platen movement. Using the graphics mode, it would be possible to fill an entire sheet of paper with what would appear to be one large Braille cell. This means that the graphics mode can be used to produce charts, graphs, maps, Braille representations of the Apple computer screen graphics display, etc. The default condition is for the KMPB to be in regular Braille mode. To enable graphics, you would use the Graphics Mode Enable command. To leave it, you simply return to Command Mode and use the Graphics Mode Enable No command. KMPB graphics data can be recorded on audio tape. If someone prepares an audio tape of a map, chart, bingo card etc., you can play it into the KMPB buffer and then produce it in its raised dot form by first putting the KMPB in the Graphics Mode Enable Yes mode and then doing the appropriate print sequence. When you enter Graphics Mode, any margin settings you may have in effect will be reset to 51 cells per line, 37 lines per page. You can set margins for other values than the default. Returning to the normal Braille mode will set margins at their default values of left margin 1, right margin 42, but you can reset them to other values if you wish. Another point to keep in mind is that whenever you enter or leave Graphics Mode, a physical carriage return will be performed. This will cause brailling in the new format to begin in cell position 1 of the line. It is possible to have both text and graphics Braille on the same line by terminating the line segments without linefeed characters, (carriage returns only). To prevent over printing some calculations will have to be made. The following information should be helpful in making such calculations. 51 cells of graphics braille take up horizontal line space equal to 42 cells of Braille text. 37 lines of graphics Braille occupy vertical line space equal to 25 lines of textual Braille. Horizontally, four cells of Braille text equal one inch. Vertically, five lines of Braille text equal two inches. GRAPHICS MODE REMOTE ENABLE NO: g*rn GRAPHICS MODE REMOTE ENABLE YES: g*ry COMMENT: The default for this parameter is NO, not enabled, or off. This function is useful when both graphics and normal character information is to be embossed on the same page. Normally, Graphics Mode is turned on or off by the user from the keyboard. However, this function allows turning on or off Graphics Mode by control characters imbedded within the data, thereby remotely controlling Graphics Mode. The mixed data, (graphics characters, normal characters and special graphics control characters) may be entered into the buffer from the RS232 port, tape input or keyboard. In order to remotely activate graphics mode, the carriage return or carriage return/linefeed pair must be followed by an ASCII Shift-In character, (see appendix). To terminate Graphics Mode, a carriage return or carriage return/linefeed pair must be followed by an ASCII Shift-Out character, (see appendix). If this parameter is NO, the Shift-In or Shift-Out control characters will have no special effect on the KMPB other than being stored in the buffer as any other control character. HANDSHAKE HARDWARE: h*h COMMENT: Handshake is a kind of traffic regulating function which takes place between two devices. For an appreciation of the handshake concept, imagine a coffee urn which dispenses six ounces of hot coffee when a container weighing two ounces is placed on the cup platform. The two ounce container weight trips a switch which allows coffee to flow. When this two ounce weight is increased by the six ounces of coffee, another switch is set which turns off the flow of coffee. If this Coffee Off switch fails to operate, coffee continues to flow and much coffee is lost. Now, think of the coffee as the stream of information passing between an external computer and the KMPB in either direction. The Coffee On and Coffee Off switches are Handshake Communication which say when it is and is not all right for the information stream to flow. If a computer sends information to the KMPB when the KMPB has a full buffer, (cup), then, that information will be lost and must be retransmitted. If the KMPB insists on sending when the computer is in no position to receive, similarly, data will be lost. So, handshake must match between the two systems which are engaging in communication. Despite your best efforts to avoid it, there may be times when the KMPB may "lock up" during communication with an external device with hardware handshake in effect. If you have control over the external device, you will need to cause the DSR (data set ready) line to go high. If you cannot do this, send the Abort command. This will set Handshake None (the default) and you will have to try again. Sending the Abort command once should produce a short beep acknowledging its receipt. The second time the command is sent in succession you should receive the Command Mode prompt. If you are using a VersaBraille with the KMPB in Hardware Handshake with Buffer Autoscroll enabled, when the KMPB pauses and gives a short beep, you will need to hit the KMPB space bar or any other key since the VersaBraille must receive a character before it will resume sending data. The KMPB can be driven by other devices, or it can drive other devices. Comments made about handshaking apply in both cases. HANDSHAKE NONE: h*n COMMENT: This is the default value. HANDSHAKE SOFTWARE: h*s COMMENT: When using software handshake, receiving an x-off character from the remote device will cause the KMPB to stop sending data. Transmission will resume when an x-on character is received. If an x-off character is inadvertently received thereby locking up the KMPB, you can perform the Abort command. This will simulate reception of an x-on and allow transmission to resume. The lesson here is don't use software handshake unless you know what you are doing! INPUT FUNCTION: i COMMENT: The Input Function is available only from the Edit Mode. If you are going to enter text into the KMPB buffer from the keyboard, this is how you do it. First, you go to Edit Mode, then you decide whether you want Emboss On or Off and take action. When you enter Edit Mode, in order to enter text the first character you send must be the letter i. It will not be printed and you will hear no prompt tone. From that point on, all Braille dot combinations may be entered and stored in buffer. Text lines must be terminated with the 4-6*. In this case, it is a carriage return/linefeed pair. The entire input function must be terminated with a q*. Carriage returns are acknowledged by the KMPB with a single short beep. The q* terminator is acknowledged by a double beep. If you hear a low pitched buzz, you have received an error tone meaning that you have sent an inappropriate or unacceptable command. The Input function also is used for inserting lines within existing text. Using the Move function, you move the cursor to the point at which you want to make an insertion. Then, you issue the Input command, insert the text you want and terminate the input function with a Carriage Return q*. The section on Remote Mode has an important note on the entry of text into the KMPB buffer for printing from Edit Mode. LINE BUFFER DELETE: dots 3-6* COMMENT: Earlier, we said that the KMPB has two buffers for holding text. One is the Main buffer which holds everything except the line on which you are writing. The other is the Line buffer which holds the line on which you are working at any time. When in the Input function of Edit Mode, the dots 4-6* immediately sends the contents of this line buffer to the main buffer. As you write, there will be times when you make errors. Simple errors can be corrected by doing a backspace and entering the correct character. However, there are times when you may want to delete the entire current line and begin it again. To do this, the dots 3-6* will remove all text from the line buffer and take you back to where you were immediately after you entered the last dots 4-6*. LINEFEED, AUTOMATIC APPEND IN RECEIVE, NO: j*rn LINEFEED, AUTOMATIC APPEND IN RECEIVE, YES: j*ry LINEFEED, AUTOMATIC APPEND IN TRANSMIT, NO: j*tn LINEFEED, AUTOMATIC APPEND IN TRANSMIT, YES: j*ty COMMENT: If you want to use the Tape Mode, Load From function, use the Linefeed Automatic Append in Receive, NO. Otherwise, the last four commands listed above can be ignored if you are using the KMPB as a stand alone unit. However, they may be most useful if you are communicating with a printer or other external device. The default value is the NO value both in receive and transmit. Most, but not all systems, will send a carriage return/linefeed as a pair. When they do not, the Automatic Append In Receive option allows the KMPB to add a linefeed which is needed in order to avoid printing everything on a single line. (It saves paper but makes things hard to read). The Automatic Append in transmit function allows the KMPB to transmit carriage return/linefeed pairs for all dots 4-6* to systems which need them, and the default value, the NO condition simply means that when in Remote Mode, the dots 4-6* will send a carriage return only, without an accompanying linefeed. LOWERCASE, SET TO: l* COMMENT: The default is uppercase. When this command is issued, all characters entered from the KMPB keyboard thereafter, will be in lowercase until the Uppercase Set To command is issued. If your first name has six letters and if you want to send it to a printer from the KMPB, you will need to do Uppercase Set To for the first letter of your name. Then, before you write any other letter, do the Lowercase Set To command for the remaining five, etc. If you are reading material in computer Braille, neither grade 1 or grade 2 translation, you have no way of knowing whether you are reading capitalized or noncapitalized letters, upper or lowercase. This is a matter of context. If you are sending characters out to a remote system, the lower and uppercase set to commands enable you to determine the case of the characters you transmit. In issuing commands, you do not need to be concerned about upper and lowercase. However, the Find function is case dependent. You must write the character string you are looking for in exactly the same way it was written originally including case. MARGIN CLEAR: m*c COMMENT: This command returns all margins to the default values, left margin 1, right margin 42. It does not matter where the carriage is when the command is issued. MARGIN LEFT, SET: m*l MARGIN RIGHT, SET: m*r COMMENT: The three commands just given should be issued in Remote Mode, Duplex Half, Emboss On. We presented them in this order for alphabetic convenience. If a margin has been set,issue the Margin Clear command. To set the left margin, move the KMPB embosser to the point of the desired left margin, enter the m*l command. To set the right margin, move the KMPB carriage to the desired point and enter the m*r command. Margin setting applies only to the Braillewriter carriage. The default values are Left Margin, 1; Right Margin 42. If you are sending text to an external printer or recording it on tape for later ink printing, you need to use the Bell Warning Location command to warn you that you are approaching the ink print line length you want. For more information about margins, see the section on GRAPHICS MODE. MOVE CURSOR TO BOTTOM OF BUFFER: mb COMMENT: In Edit Mode, this function allows you to take the cursor to the bottom of the buffer. You may want to add a P.S. to a letter or simply more lines of text. This is how to get to that point quickly. MOVE CURSOR DOWN: mdxq* where x is any number from 1 to 254. COMMENT: The x in this command stands for the number of lines you want the cursor to move in a downward direction from the current cursor location. 1 is the default if x is omitted. Remember always to use the m for move. If you were to use the d without the m, you would be deleting and not moving. MOVE CURSOR TO TOP OF BUFFER: mt COMMENT: You have to return the cursor either to the top of the buffer or to the first line to be printed. This command takes you to the top of the buffer. Remember that when you leave Edit Mode and return to it, the cursor will be right where you left it. This is true except when you clear the buffer or when the buffer is scrolling. MOVE CURSOR UP: muxq* where x is any number from 1 to 254. COMMENT: As in the Move Down function, x represents the number of lines through which the cursor is to be moved. This time, movement is in an upward direction from the current cursor location. The default value is 1 if x is omitted. PAGE LENGTH (BRAILLE), SET: dots 3-4-5-6*pxx where xx is any two digit number from 01 to 47. COMMENT: The default value here is 25 lines per Braille page. This assumes the use of regular 11 by11-1/2 inch paper. You may want to write on a 3 by 5 or 5 by 8 card or on nonstandard sizes of paper. Setting margins will take care of line length and the Page Length command we are now discussing will take care of the other paper dimension. Page length must be experessed in two digit numbers. If you want a page length of 7 lines, write it as 07. WARNING! Normally, you will be setting this parameter at start-up time. HOWEVER, if you are in the midst of writing and decide you want to change Page Length, first do a Page Release followed by a Page Ready command. Then, you can set the Page length. Failure to do this MAY foul up the line counter, causing a horrible grinding noise. PAGE READY: dots 4-5* PAGE RELEASE: dots 4-5-6* COMMENT: You do not have to do a Page Ready command when you insert a sheet of paper into the KMPB in a first time start up. However, when you have finished one page of Braille, before you can do another page, you must remove the first page, insert the second and issue the Page Ready command in order to tell the KMPB that it is O.K. to go ahead with Brailling. If you have more material stored in buffer than can be held on a single sheet of paper, issuing the Page Ready command will cause the Brailling process to resume. On the other hand, if your data are coming in from a remote source and if that source knows to send text to you in a number of lines equal to your page length, it may pause after each sending and you may need to issue a command required by the system to start transmission. (See the section on Handshake.) Under normal conditions, the Page Ready command should be all that it takes to get things rolling again. The Page Release command is one which you will need to issue when a page release is not done automatically. In many cases, as you Braille, you will hear two long beep tones when you have come to the end of the page. All you need do is roll the platen forward. It should turn freely. Pull the paper release lever toward you. This frees the paper to be removed from the KMPB. However, there are times when Brailling will stop. The buffer may be full or the remote system may be through sending. Whatever the reason, there are times when you will want to remove the paper even though you have not filled an entire sheet. In such a case, attempting to roll the platen with the crank knob will encounter resistance. So, you must issue a Page Release command. This command causes the paper to move forward out of the machine. It stops with the same long double beep mentioned earlier. Continue rolling the platen the last little bit, pull back on the paper release lever and you will be ready for the next sheet of paper. When the Page Release command has been issued, the only two commands which the KMPB will recognize will be Buffer Clear and Page Ready. PARITY EVEN: p*e PARITY NONE: p*n PARITY ODD: p*o COMMENT: The default for this parameter is settable by the internal dip switches. The keyboard commands enable you to change it to meet the needs of different systems. This is one of the communications parameters which only apply if you are connected to a remote system. In our discussion of character length, we said that seven or eight bits were sent to produce a character although a total of 10 or 11 might actually be sent. One of the extra bits is a parity bit. It is intended as a means of error checking to ensure correct data transmission. The complete data package for a single character also includes one or two stop bits which we will discuss soon. Set this parameter to match the remote system. PRINT FUNCTION: pxq* where x is any number from 1 to 254. COMMENT: The default for this function is 1 if x is omitted. If the command pq* is given, just one line will be printed. It will be the line on which the cursor is located. The print function is the last of the five functions within the Edit Mode. It is the function by which material stored in the KMPB buffer is transmitted to paper. In Edit Mode, Emboss On, move the cursor to the top of buffer or to the line location from which you want printing to begin. Then, issue the pxq* command and printing begins immediately. You cannot be expected to know how many lines of text there are to be printed. However, if you send a number greater than the total number of lines to be printed, you will be sure that everything you want is printed. In most cases, the number 222 is convenient because you can tap 222 quickly. The command becomes p222q*. This function also is used if you are using an external speech synthesizer and want to proofread your text one or more lines at a time. With Emboss Off and Transmit Enable On, you can use the speech as a "printer". As you gain experience with the KMPB, you will come to learn that it is easy to generate quite a bit of scrap paper. You can use the reverse side of a sheet of paper as scrap to use for printing text for proofreading. If you are driving an external printer with the KMPB, the only time you would want to use the Print function would be if you did not want to print the entire text but a few lines here and there for whatever the reason. Otherwise, to send all the buffer contents to an external printer, you would use the Transmit Mode. For text to be printed from Edit Mode, the system expects that lines will end with a carriage return/linefeed pair. For more on this point, see Remote Mode, the next section. To abort the print function, use the regular Abort command, dots 3-6*. REMOTE MODE, GO TO: r* COMMENT: This is the mode in which you must be if the KMPB is to serve as a computer terminal. Later, we will discuss the Transmit Enable command. When you switch from Command to Remote mode, this function automatically is enabled. In Remote Mode, Emboss On, Duplex Half, the KMPB operates as an electrically operated Braillewriter. You can write Braille on paper but it is not stored in the buffer. Data coming to the KMPB through the RS232 port are stored in buffer, embossed, and can be proofread later, altered, deleted, etc., in Edit Mode. If received text is to be printed from Edit Mode, remember that the KMPB Edit system expects to see lines of text terminated with carriage return/linefeed pairs. Not all remote systems do this. If the system with which you are working only sends carriage returns, you should use Line Feed Append in Receive, Yes. Otherwise the KMPB may do something totally unpredictable when you try to use the Editor. In Remote Mode, if you send a dot 4-6* whether or not it sends just a carriage return or a carriage return/linefeed pair, will depend on whether or not you have Linefeed Automatic Append Transmit Yes or No. The default for that command is No, so that unless you do something about it, the KMPB will send only a carriage return character. This may be fine depending upon the system to which you are sending but if you need the carriage return/linefeed pair, you should enable the Linefeed Automatic Append in Transmit function. If you are using a speech synthesizer, it may be that there are times when you will want to hear all, some or no punctuation. You may want text spelled out rather than pronounced as words. Usually, speech synthesizers respond to various commands of their own. These can be sent from the KMPB by placing the KMPB in Remote Mode and issuing these commands. If you do it this way, these commands will not be a part of the text stored in buffer. You can slip into Remote Mode, send control commands to your speech synthesizer, return to Edit mode and continue your proofreading activities. STOP BITS 1: dots 3-4-5-6*s1 STOP BITS 2: 3-4-5-6*s2 COMMENT: Stop Bits rounds out the communications parameters which must be set in keeping with the remote system with which you are communicating. The default is settable by the dip switches and you can change them with the keyboard commands if you must. TAPE MODE ABORT: dots 3-6* COMMENT: Here, again, is the all around Return to Command Mode, Abort Function command. When you are in the Tape Mode either sending from KMPB to recorder or loading from recorder to KMPB, you can abort the function through the use of this command. TAPE, LOAD FROM: t*l COMMENT: Suppose you have data stored on tape which you want to load into the KMPB. This is how you do it. First, your tape should be labeled. Voice labeling is convenient since you can hear the voice label through the speaker inside the KMPB. With both the KMPB and tape player turned on, connect the patch cord (a shielded cable used for interconnecting audio devices), from the earphone, external speaker, or other output jack on the tape recorder, to the KMPB tape Input Jack. With the tape player's volume control set at about three fourths of full volume play a little tape through the KMPB and adjust the KMPB volume control for listening at a comfortable level. Find the voice label for the material you want to load. As soon as the label finishes, there should be a high pitched steady tone. As soon as you hear this signal, enter t*l on the KMPB keyboard. The tone will roughen as data transmission begins. If you should enter this command by mistake but no data has yet been received, you can abort the process with the Abort command. However, if so much as one character has been loaded, anything which was in the KMPB buffer and which you had hoped to save will be gone! Transmission between KMPB and tape recorders takes place at a rate of 300 baud regardless of the baud rate setting of the KMPB. This is done for reliability, interchangability of tapes between users, and to allow the use of inexpensive tape recorders for data storage. When transmission is finished, you will hear the steady tone return as well as the two tone Command Mode Ready Prompt. When this happens, you may turn off the tape player. The text is ready to be printed out in Edit Mode or transmitted out via the RS232 port. When you are loading from tape, MAKE SURE that Linefeed Append in Receive, No is in effect! TAPE, SAVE ONTO: t*s COMMENT: The use of this command lets you store the contents of the buffer onto audio tape. You can store the entire 3,840 character buffer onto tape, clear the buffer, fill it again, store and repeat the process until you have stored as much material as you want. It can be Brailled, sent to a speech synthesizer, or printed out in ink at a later time. To do this, connect a patch cord from the KMPB Tape Output Jack to the Microphone jack of your tape recorder. You should prepare a voice label telling yourself what you are about to store. Then start your tape recorder in the Record Mode, wait about five seconds, then enter the Tape Save Onto command. If you are able to monitor your tape recorder, the signal will sound exactly as it did in the Tape Load From process. When the transmission is finished, you will hear the return of the steady tone along with the Command Mode Ready prompt. WARNING! Handshake signals can affect the Tape Save process. To avoid problems with handshake, place the KMPB in Handshake None before saving material onto tape. The Tape Mode can be extremely useful if you want to use the KMPB as a stand alone word processor, record keeping device, etc. This is especially true if you use a speech synthesizer as the means of reading text, but it will work with Braille. Here are some suggestions. Lists of things to buy or to do can be entered in this way. Prepare your list giving each entry a line of its own. Record it on tape. Print it out if you like. Then, as you think of new items to add, load the recording into buffer, add the item (you can do it at any point simply by using the Input function), record the list again so that the new item will be stored on tape along with the old. Should you change your mind and want to drop some items from the list, load, Find, Delete, Record. If you work in a situation in which you must keep track of various categories or classifications, you can use Find and tape storage as a crude data base system. Let's suppose you must keep track of personnel by age, sex, county of residence, education, nature of work (skilled or unskilled). For each of these categories, develop a single cell Braille character for each subcategory. Always enter them in the same order and enter all categories for a single individual on a single line. Treat this as your Data Record Line. The next line or lines can contain detailed information such as name, birth date, sex, county, work classification description, etc. Then, if you want to know all the single women from county J between ages 20 and 40 who work in skilled jobs and have at least two years of college, you can use the Find function to find your Data Record Line that corresponds to those parameters. You can make a calendar which you can mark and use as an appointment reminder in this way. Begin with the name of the month indicated by the Braille number sign followed by a letter a through l for January through December. That is the top line and it should be followed by a carriage return. The next line should have a symbol which indicates the first day of the month. If a month has 31 days, it should have 31 lines which contain nothing but a symbol on each line indicating the day of the week for the date in question. If you want to find May 13, use the Find function to find number sign e. This puts you at the top of the month of May. Then, move down 13 lines and you will be on the 13th day of the month of May. If you want to mark the day for some event, find the day, delete it, go to Input and restore the symbol for the day along with your reason for marking it. Every time you make a calendar change you will have to record the entire calendar. The use of a personal computer would be a much better method for doing all this, but if you don't have one, the KMPB will work in a pinch. These are just some of the things it is possible to do. Imagination and experimentation will help you develop other strategies for KMPB use. TRANSMIT ENABLE, NO: x*n TRANSMIT ENABLE, YES: x*y COMMENT: The default for this parameter is No. In this case, when we speak of Transmit, we are not talking about the Transmit Mode. Instead, we are referring to the ability to turn on or off the transmit line to the RS232 port from the keyboard. If you are in the Edit Mode, Input function, and if you want to use a speech synthesizer to speak the characters you enter as you enter them, then the transmit line must be enabled; Transmit Enable Yes. This lets you send the characters to the speech box. On the other hand, it may be that you have your KMPB hooked to a printer and do not want print output of every character you enter in the Input function of Edit Mode. In such a case, issue the x*n command. CAUTION: Even though you do not issue an x*y, transmit IS enabled when you issue R*, Transmit Mode Go To, or one of the tape commands. So, having been in one of these modes, if you want to disable the transmit line, you must again send an x*n command. TRANSMIT MODE ABORT: dots 3-6* COMMENT: If you have used the Transmit command to be discussed next and transmission is not complete, you may terminate transmission with this command. During transmission, if you hold down any key of the KMPB including the space bar, you can pause transmission. Release of the key allows transmission to resume. TRANSMIT MODE, GO TO: dots 1-2-5-6* COMMENT: This is the command you use to transmit the contents of the buffer from the KMPB to a remote system via the RS232 port. Let us suppose that you have received data from a remote source, stored it in buffer, maybe even recorded it on tape, edited it, made revisions and prepared it for return to the remote system. Having established communication with that system, you would then issue this command to "dump" the revised text to the remote system. REMEMBER, This command must be issued from Command Mode. UPPERCASE, SET TO: u* COMMENT: This is the default parameter. But, if you have used the Lowercase Set To command, this is the command you use from the KMPB keyboard to return to uppercase. Table of Modes and the Commands they Recognize COMMAND MODE BACKSPACE (ASSIGNABLE) BAUD RATE SET BELL WARNING LOCATION SET BUFFER AUTOSCROLL, NO BUFFER AUTOSCROLL, YES BUFFER CLEAR CHARACTER CTRL EMBOSS CHARACTER LENGTH SET OMMAND MODE, GO TO DUPLEX FULL AND HALF DIT MODE, GO TO GRAPHICS MODE ALL FUNCTIONS HANDSHAKE ALL PARAMETERS LINEFEED, AUTOMATIC APPEND RECEIVE AND TRANSMIT PAGE LENGTH (BRAILLE) SET PAGE READY PAGE RELEASE PARITY ALL PARAMETERS REMOTE MODE, GO TO STOP BITS 1 AND 2 TAPE MODE GO TO TRANSMIT ENABLE BOTH FUNCTIONS TRANSMIT MODE, GO TO EDIT MODE Edit Mode has five functions. Though commands listed here are supported by Edit Mode they may not be supported in all functions of Edit Mode. When in doubt, consult the main command table BACKSPACE BUFFER CLEAR CARRIAGE RETURN CHARACTER CTRL FOLLOWS COMMAND MODE RETURN TO DELETE FUNCTION EMBOSS OFF AND ON FIND FUNCTION AND ABORT INPUT FUNCTION LINE BUFFER DELETE LOWERCASE, SET TO MOVE CURSOR ALL FUNCTIONS PAGE READY PAGE RELEASE PRINT FUNCTION AND ABORT UPPERCASE, SET TO TRANSMIT MODE TRANSMIT AND TRANSMIT ABORT TAPE MODE TAPE ABORT TAPE LOAD TAPE SAVE REMOTE MODE BACKSPACE BREAK BUFFER CLEAR CARRIAGE RETURN CHARACTER CTRL FOLLOWS COMMAND MODE RETURN TO EMBOSS OFF AND ON LOWERCASE SET TO MARGIN, CLEAR, LEFT AND RIGHT SET PAGE READY PAGE RELEASE UPPERCASE SET TO A_P_P_E_N_D_I_X_ The ASCII Code and Computer Braille Symbols In Alphabetic Order by Meaning In this table, information is presented in this order. First, character name; the names of numerals are spelled out and presented in regular alphabetic sequence. Next comes the decimal numeric order of the character in the ASCII table. These numbers will be useful in assigning other meanings to the dot 2* command as described in the command table. The word "dots" is followed by the Braille dot numbers used to produce the Computer Braille equivalent of the character. In the case of control (CTRL) characters, dot patterns will not be given. See the command table sections dealing with control (ctrl) characters. Items are separated by semicolons. A, Uppercase; 65; dot 1. a, lowercase; 97; dot 1. Accent ; dot 4 (lowercase). Acknowledge; 6; CTRL-F. Ampersand; 38; dots 1-2-3-4-6. Apostrophe; 39; dot 3. Asterisk; 42; dots 1-6. At Sign; 64; dot 4 (uppercase). B, uppercase; 66; dots 1-2. b, lowercase; 98; dots 1-2. Backspace; 8; CTRL-H. Backslash, (Reverse Slant); 92; dots 1-2-5-6 (uppercase). Bell; 7; CTRL-G. C, uppercase; 67; dots 1-4. c, lowercase; 99; dots 1-4. Cancel; 24; CTRL-X. Caret,(Exponentiation); 94; dots 4-5 (uppercase). Carriage Return; 13; CTRL-M. Close Brace; 125; dots 1-2-4-5-6 (lower case). Close Bracket; 93; dots 1-2-4-5-6 (uppercase). Close Parenthesis; 41; dots 2-3-4-5-6. Colon; 58; dots 1-5-6. Comma; 44; dot 6. D, uppercase; 68; dots 1-4-5. d, lowercase; 100; dots 1-4-5. Data Line Escape; 16; CTRL-P. Decimal point (period); 46; dots 4-6. Delete; 127; dots 4,5,6 (lowercase). Device Control 1; 17; CTRL-Q. Device Control 2; 18; CTRL-R. Device Control 3; 19; CTRL-S. Device Control 4; 20; Ctrl-T. Divided by, (Slash); 47; dots 3-4. Dollar Sign; 36; dots 1-2-4-6. Double Quote,(Quotation Marks); 36; dots 1-2-4-6. E, Uppercase; 69; dots 1-5. e, lowercase; 101; dots 1-5. eight; 56; dots 2-3-6. End of Medium; 25; CTRL-Y. End of Transmission; 4; CTRL-D. End of Text; 3; CTRL-C. Enquire; 5; CTRL-E. Equals; 61; dots 1-2-3-4-5-6. Escape; 27; CTRL-Open Bracket. Exclamation point; 33; dots 2-3-4-6. Exponentiation, (Caret); 94; dots 4-5 (upperc. F, Uppercase; 70; dots 1-2-4. f, lowercase; 102; dots 1-2-4. File Separator; 28; CTRL-Reverse Slant. five; 53; dots 2-6. Form Feed; 12; CTRL-L. four; 52; dots 2-5-6. G, Uppercase; 71; dots 1-2-4-5. g, lowercase; 103; dots 1-2-4-5. Grave Accent, (Accent); 96; dot 4 (lower case). Greater Than,(Right Angle Bracket); 62; dots 3-4-5. Group Separator; 29; CTRL-Close Bracket. H, Uppercase; 72; dots 1-2-5. h, lowercase; 104; dots 1-2-5. Horizontal Tabulation; 9; CTRL-I. Hyphen, (minus); 45; dots 3-6. I, Uppercase; 73; dots 2-4. i, lowercase; 105; dots 2-4. J, Uppercase; 74; dots 2-4-5. j, lowercase; 106; dots 2-4-5. K, Uppercase; 75; dots 1-3. k, lowercase; 107; dots 1-3. L, Uppercase; 76; dots 1-2-3. l, lowercase; 108; dots 1-2-3. Left Angle Bracket, (Less Than); 60; dots 1-2-6. Less Than,(Left Angle Bracket); 60; dots 1-2-6. Line Feed; 10; CTRL-J. M, Uppercase; 77; dots 1-3-4. m, lowercase; 109; dots 1-3-4. Minus, (hyphen); 45; dots 3-6. N, Uppercase; 78; dots 1-3-4-5. n, lowercase; 110; dots 1-3-4-5. Negative Acknowledgement; 21; CTRL-U. nine; 57; dots 3-5. Null; 0; CTRL-At Sign. Number Sign; 35; dots 3-4-5-6. O, Uppercase; 79; dots 1-3-5. o, lowercase; 111; dots 1-3-5. one 49; dot 2. Open Brace; 123; dots 2-4-6 (lower case). Open Bracket; 91; dots 2-4-6 (upper case). Open Parenthesis; 40; dots 1-2-3-5-6. P, Uppercase; 80; dots 1-2-3-4. p, lowercase; 112; dots 1-2-3-4. Percent Sign; 37; dots 1-4-6. Period, (Decimal); 46; dots 4-6. Plus; 43; dots 3-4-6. Q, Uppercase; 81; dots 1-2-3-4-5. q, lowercase; 113; dots 1-2-3-4-5. Question Mark; 63; dots 1-4-5-6. Quotation Mark, (Double Quote); 34; dot 5. R, Uppercase; 82; dots 1-2-3-5. r, lowercase; 114; dots 1-2-3-5. Record Separator; 30; CTRL-Caret. Reverse Slant, (backslash); 92; dots 1-2-5-6 (uppercase). Right Angle Bracket, (Greater Than); 62; dots 3-4-5. S, Uppercase; 83; dots 2-3-4. s, lowercase; 115; dots 2-3-4. Semicolon; 59; dots 5-6. seven; 55; dots 2-3-5-6. Shift In; 15; CTRL-O. Shift Out; 14; CTRL-N. six; 54; dots 2-3-5. Space; 32; No dots. Start of Heading; 1; CTRL-A. Start of Text; 2; CTRL-B. Substitute; 26; CTRL-Z. Synchronous Idle; 22; CTRL-V. T, Uppercase; 84; dots 2-3-4-5. t, lowercase; 116; dots 2-3-4-5. three; 51; dots 2-5. Tilde; 126; dots 4-5 (lowercase). two; 50; dots 2-3. U, Uppercase; 85; dots 1-3-6. u, lowercase; 117; dots 1-3-6. Underline; 95; dots 4-5-6(uppercase). Unit Separator; 31; CTRL-Underline. V, Uppercase; 86; Dots 1-2-3-6. v, lowercase; 118; dots 1-2-3-6. Vertical Line; 124; dots 1-2-5-6 (lowercase). Vertical Tabulation; 11; CTRL-K. W, Uppercase; 87; dots 2-4-5-6. w, lowercase; 119; dots 2-4-5-6. X, Uppercase; 88; dots 1-3-4-6. x, lowercase; 120; dots 1-3-4-6. Y, Uppercase; 89; dots 1-3-4-5-6. y, lowercase; 121; dots 1-3-4-5-6. Z, Uppercase; 90; dots 1-3-5-6. z, lowercase; 122; dots 1-3-5-6. zero; 48; dots 3-5-6.